In recent years, reforming the judicial and legal system has been regarded as one of the most priority areas of state policy in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the Address delivered by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Oliy Majlis and the people of Uzbekistan on 26 December 2025, particular attention was paid to strengthening the independence of the judiciary, ensuring reliable protection of citizens’ rights and freedoms, and further improving mechanisms for achieving fair justice. The Address emphasized that the independence of the judiciary is one of the fundamental conditions for building a rule-of-law state. Preventing any unlawful interference in judicial activity, strengthening judges’ material and social guarantees, and ensuring transparency in the selection and appointment of judicial personnel were identified as key tasks. Special emphasis was placed on the need to pay close attention to professional knowledge, life experience, and high moral qualities when selecting candidates for judicial positions. Judicial independence must be ensured not only by law, but also through personal inviolability and professional stability. The Presidential Address also stressed that access to courts for ordinary citizens must be simple, convenient, and fair. In this regard, simplifying judicial procedures, eliminating excessive bureaucratic barriers, and widely introducing digital technologies were identified as important priorities. In particular, improving the electronic justice system will help reduce case consideration periods, minimize the impact of the human factor, and ensure transparency, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the judicial and legal system and strengthening public trust in the courts. In addition, the Address placed special emphasis on ensuring human rights and legitimate interests in criminal justice proceedings. Protecting individuals from unfounded criminal prosecution, fully guaranteeing the right to defence, and ensuring the supremacy of law in the evaluation of evidence were identified as pressing tasks. Strict adherence to the presumption of innocence and prevention of violations of the law at the investigation and trial stages constitute a significant responsibility for judges and law enforcement bodies. For trainees of the Academy of Justice, these issues will play a decisive role in their future professional activities. The Presidential Address also highlighted the importance of ensuring effective judicial oversight over the activities of state bodies through civil and administrative proceedings, which requires strengthening the role of courts in protecting the rights of citizens and business entities. In the activities of administrative courts, ensuring justice and legality in “state–citizen” relations and strengthening legal protection mechanisms through the annulment of unlawful decisions of state bodies were identified as priority tasks. The Address emphasized that the training of qualified personnel is of decisive importance in reforming the judicial and legal system. In this context, it is essential to align the educational content of the Academy of Justice with modern requirements and to introduce practice-oriented training programmes. Special importance is attached to developing logical thinking, systemic analysis, lawful decision-making skills, and academic writing when preparing candidates for judicial positions. The tasks set out in the President’s 2026 Address regarding the judicial and legal system represent a logical continuation of systemic reforms aimed at building a rule-of-law state and civil society. Strengthening judicial independence, ensuring reliable protection of human rights, and introducing transparent and effective judicial mechanisms remain among the most pressing challenges of today. М.Жумаев, [23.01.2026 20:19]Strengthening judicial independence, enhancing the professional and moral capacity of the judiciary, ensuring transparency and fairness in judicial proceedings, and increasing public trust in the courts were identified in the Address as key objectives. Particular attention was paid to ensuring reliable judicial protection of human rights and freedoms as a priority area of state policy, clearly reflecting the humanistic essence of judicial and legal reforms. At the same time, ensuring the supremacy of law in criminal, civil, and administrative proceedings, strengthening procedural guarantees, and developing digital justice systems were identified as important tasks, expanding opportunities to achieve fair justice. This will contribute to reducing the negative impact of the human factor in judicial practice and improving the legality and soundness of judicial decisions. From an academic perspective, the Presidential Address serves as an important guiding and theoretical-practical source for trainees of the Academy of Justice. It once again confirms the necessity for future judges, prosecutors, and law enforcement officers to deeply comprehend professional responsibility, loyalty to the law, and accountability for human destinies. Moreover, for the trainees of the Academy, the Address is not only a political document but also an important programme guideline to be followed in their future professional activities. Every specialist working in the judicial and legal sphere should thoroughly understand these priority directions and contribute to their practical implementation. In conclusion, the tasks outlined in the Presidential Address concerning the judicial and legal system are aimed not only at improving the regulatory and legal framework, but also at elevating judicial culture, legal thinking, and public trust in justice to a new level. The consistent implementation of these priority directions will contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of the judicial and legal system, ensuring reliable protection of citizens’ rights and legitimate interests, and building a genuine rule-of-law state in Uzbekistan. Lecturer, Department of Professional SkillsAcademy of Justice, PhDNajmidinova Nilufar Yuldoshovna

O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Shavkat Mirziyoevning 2025 yil 26 dekabr kuni Oliy Majlisga va ko‘p millatli xalqimizga yo‘llagan Murojaatnomasida 2026 yilning “Mahallani rivojlantirish va jamiyatni yuksaltirish yili” deb e’lon qilinishi mamlakat taraqqiyotida mahalla institutiga berilgan strategik ahamiyatning yaqqol ifodasidir. Mazkur yil doirasida mahallani faqatgina hududiy boshqaruv bo‘g‘ini sifatida emas, balki jamiyatning ijtimoiy, ma’naviy va iqtisodiy tayanch instituti sifatida rivojlantirish ustuvor vazifa etib belgilandi. Aholining dardu tashvishini joyida hal etish, ijtimoiy himoyani kuchaytirish, tadbirkorlikni qo‘llab-quvvatlash va fuqarolik faolligini oshirishda mahallaning mas’uliyati yanada kengayishi ta’kidlandi. 2026 yildan boshlab mamlakat bo‘ylab 9 mingdan ortiq mahallada infratuzilmani tubdan yaxshilash rejalashtirilgan bo‘lib, yo‘llar, ichimlik suvi, elektr ta’minoti, jamoat transporti, ta’lim va sog‘liqni saqlash ob’ektlari hamda yashil hududlar bir butun tizim sifatida yangilanadi. Bu ishlar parchalangan holda emas, balki kompleks yondashuv asosida amalga oshirilib, mahallalardagi asosiy muammolarni bir vaqtning o‘zida hal etishni nazarda tutadi. Shu bilan birga, har bir viloyatda 2–3 tadan tuman tanlab olinib, ulardagi barcha mahallalar to‘liq qayta quriladi, tadbirkorlik va xizmat ko‘rsatish infratuzilmasi rivojlantiriladi hamda ushbu maqsadlar uchun 8,5 trln so‘m mablag‘ yo‘naltiriladi. Murojaatnomada mahalliy vakillik organlarining roliga alohida e’tibor qaratildi. Xususan, mahallalarni obodonlashtirishda deputatlik tashabbuslarini qo‘llab-quvvatlash maqsadida har bir saylov okrugiga 500 mlrd so‘m, har bir deputat tashabbusiga esa qo‘shimcha 330 mln so‘m ajratilishi belgilandi. Bu orqali mahalliy muammolarni joyida hal etish, aholi manfaatlarini to‘liqroq ifoda etish va deputatlarning javobgarligini oshirishga erishiladi. 2026 yildan tuman byudjetlarini mustaqillashtirish bo‘yicha qabul qilingan qarorlar mahalliy moliyaviy boshqaruvda tub burilish yasaydi. Qo‘shilgan qiymat solig‘i tushumining ma’lum qismi hududlarda qoldirilishi, rejadan ortiq tushgan daromadlarning 50 foizini tuman byudjetlariga o‘tkazish, yer ijarasi va bozorlardan tushgan daromadlarni mahalliy darajada saqlab qolish orqali tuman byudjetlarida taxminan 5 trln so‘mlik qo‘shimcha manbalar shakllanadi. Mazkur mablag‘lar bevosita mahallalar infratuzilmasini yaxshilash va aholining kundalik muammolarini hal etishga yo‘naltiriladi. Shuningdek, 2026 yilda ilk bor mahalla infratuzilmasini rivojlantirish uchun 20 trln so‘m to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri viloyatlarga ajratilishi belgilandi. Ushbu mablag‘lar ish o‘rinlari yaratadigan, aholining daromadini oshirishga xizmat qiladigan aniq va manzilli loyihalarga yo‘naltirilib, byudjet mablag‘larining loyiha asosida sarflanishi samaradorlik va shaffoflikni ta’minlaydi. “Mahallada sanoat va xizmat” dasturi doirasida 10 mingdan ortiq ishlab chiqarish va xizmat ko‘rsatish loyihalarini ishga tushirish, 100 mingta yangi ish o‘rni yaratish hamda 360 ming nafar aholini band qilish rejalashtirilgani mahallaning iqtisodiy salohiyatini oshirishga xizmat qiladi. Jamiyatni yuksaltirish iqtisodiy o‘sish bilan bir qatorda inson kapitaliga investitsiya kiritishni ham talab etadi. Shu bois mahallalarda sport infratuzilmasini rivojlantirish, ayniqsa xotin-qizlarni jismoniy faollikka jalb etish uchun 1 trln so‘m ajratilishi, shuningdek, yoshlar kitobxonligini oshirish maqsadida maktab kutubxonalarini har yili 10 million nusxa badiiy kitob bilan ta’minlash ko‘zda tutilgan. Shuningdek, mahalla tizimida ochiqlik va shaffoflikni ta’minlash, raqamli yechimlarni joriy etish, inson qadrini ulug‘lashga qaratilgan ijtimoiy xizmatlarni sifat jihatdan yangi bosqichga olib chiqish orqali jamiyat barqarorligi va aholi farovonligini ta’minlash ko‘zda tutilmoqda. Xulosa qilib aytganda, 2026 yilga shunday nom berilishi mahallaning davlat va jamiyat o‘rtasidagi bog‘lovchi ko‘prik sifatidagi rolini mustahkamlab, fuqarolarning faol ishtirokiga tayanadigan adolatli, ochiq va taraqqiy etgan jamiyatni barpo etishga qaratilgan strategik qaror ekanini anglatadi.   Foziljon Otaxonov, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Odil sudlov akademiyasi professori, yuridik fanlar doktori  

O‘zbekiston taraqqiyotining yangi bosqichida barcha davlat organlari faoliyatida demokratik tamoyillarni joriy etish, ularni yangi jamiyatning shiddatli islohotlari talablariga moslashtirish, zamonaviy tendensiyalar asosida ish samaradorligini ko‘tarishga qaratilgan kompleks chora-tadbirlar amalga oshirilmoqda. Xususan, davlat hokimiyatining alohida mustaqil, muqim tarmog‘i bo‘lgan sud organlari faoliyatini tubdan demokratlashtirish, ochiq va shaffof tartib-taomillar asosida rivojlantirish maqsadida 50 dan ortiq normativ-huquqiy hujjatlar qabul qilindi. Davlatimiz rahbarining “Sudyalar hamjamiyati organlari faoliyatining samaradorligi va ochiqligini oshirish hamda sud mustaqilligi kafolatlarini yanada kuchaytirish chora-tadbirlari to‘g‘risida”gi Farmoni va unda belgilangan yangi vazifalar yuqorida aytib o‘tganimizdek, sud hokimiyatining mustaqilligi to‘g‘risidagi konstitutsiyaviy prinsiplarni ta’minlashning mantiqiy davomi bo‘ldi. Farmonning amaliy ahamiyati shundaki, sudlar faoliyatini tashkil etish va uni boshqarish, sudyalar mustaqilligini amalda ta’minlash jarayonida muayyan vakolatlarga ega hamda bir-biridan o‘zaro mustaqil bo‘lgan sudyalar hamjamiyati organlarining o‘rni va rolini kengaytirishning huquqiy asoslari takomillashuviga olib keladi. Shu bilan birga, sudyalar hamjamiyati organlari faoliyati bilan bog‘liq xalqaro hujjatlarda belgilangan ilg‘or demokratik tamoyillarning milliy qonunchilikka singdirilishini ta’minlaydi. Har tomonlama yetuk, zamonaviy bilim va zarur kasbiy ko‘nikmalarga ega, malakali sudya kadrlarni tayyorlash, ular orasidan eng munosiblarini tanlash va sudyalik lavozimlariga tayinlashning ochiq, oshkora va shaffof mexanizmlarini joriy etish imkoniyatlarini oshiradi. Umuman, sudyalar hamjamiyati organlarining faoliyatini tartibga soladigan milliy qonunchilikni yangi, progressiv normalar bilan boyitib, ish dinamikasini oshiradi. Biz uchun eng muhimi, Farmonda belgilangan vazifalar O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Odil sudlov akademiyasi professor-o‘qituvchilari jamoasiga ham bir qator mas’uliyatli vazifalarni yuklaydi. Xususan, sud mustaqilligiga oid ilg‘or standartlarni joriy etish hamda sudyalar hamjamiyati organlari faoliyatini takomillashtirishga qaratilgan bo‘limning tegishli bandida sudyaning kasbiy faoliyatini baholashda “halollik”, “kasbiy layoqatlilik” va “sudyalik odobi qoidalariga rioya etish” talablarining aniq mezonlarini qonun darajasida belgilash vazifasi qo‘yilgan. Bu akademiyaning asosiy maqsadi, ya’ni bo‘lajak sudyalarni tayyorlash bo‘yicha olti oylik o‘quv kurslarida tahsil olayotgan tinglovchilar (bo‘lajak sudyalar)ning, shuningdek, sudya va sud apparati xodimlarining malakasini oshirish, rahbarlik lavozimlarini egallash uchun zaxirada bo‘lgan sudyalarni qayta tayyorlash jarayonida ularning axloqiy yuksalishi, qalban ulg‘ayishi, vijdonan poklanishi, sudyaning ma’naviy kamolotini ta’minlovchi yangi, zamonaviy va ta’sirchan o‘quv qo‘llanmalarini yaratish va tizimli joriy etishni taqozo qiladi. Buning uchun akademiyadagi har bir kafedra, har bir o‘qituvchi o‘zining kundalik faoliyatida yangicha yondashuv, ilmiy va pedagogik izlanishlar olib borishi lozim. Ayniqsa, Kasbiy ko‘nikmalar kafedrasi o‘qituvchilari yuksak axloqiy-irodaviy hamda kasbiy fazilatlarga ega, yuklatilgan vazifalar va amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlarning samarali bajarilishini ta’minlashga qodir bo‘lgan kadrlarni tayyorlash hamda qayta tayyorlash samaradorligini oshirishga amaliy ta’sir ko‘rsatadigan metodikalarni ishlab chiqishi va amaliyotga tatbiq etishi maqsadga muvofiq. Davlatimiz rahbari tomonidan bu borada oldimizga qo‘yilgan yana bir muhim vazifa borki, bu bugungi kunda xalqimiz kutayotgan adolatli qarorlar qabul qilishga har tomonlama qodir, irodasi mustahkam, yuksak kasb va ma’naviy fazilatlarga ega bo‘lgan sud xodimlari tarkibini shakllantirish bilan izohlanadi. Shu ma’noda, o‘z sohasini yaxshi bilmaydigan, puxta kasb va hayot tajribasiga, yuksak ma’naviy-axloqiy saviyaga ega bo‘lmagan yurist kadrlar hech qachon sudya lavozimiga tayinlanmasligi, avvalo, Odil sudlov akademiyasi faoliyati samaradorligi bilan chambarchas bog‘liq, albatta. Shundan kelib chiqib, bugungi jamiyatda sudyalarning ma’naviy-axloqiy fazilatlarini shakllantirishning yangi metodologiyasini ishlab chiqish bilan bog‘liq tadqiqotlarga bo‘lgan zaruriyat tobora kuchayib borayotganini inkor etib bo‘lmaydi. Tabiiyki, ushbu zaruriyat sohada chuqur ilmiy-amaliy va nazariy yondashuvlar asosida fundamental tadqiqotlar olib borishni, qolaversa, sudyalarni tayyorlash jarayonida kasbiy bilim hamda ko‘nikmalari bilan birgalikda, ularning ma’naviy kamolotiga alohida e’tibor qaratishni talab etadi. Hujjatda sud mustaqilligi kafolatlarini kuchaytirish borasida yangi vazifalar ham nazarda tutilgan. Adolatsiz hukm, hal qiluv qarori, ajrim yoki qaror chiqarganlik uchun javobgarlikni belgilovchi qonunchilik normalarini sud mustaqilligiga oid xalqaro standartlar asosida qayta ko‘rib chiqish masalalari shular jumlasidan. Bu ham akademiyaning sud sohasida yuksak malakali kadrlar tayyorlash tizimini tubdan takomillashtirish zaruriyatini vujudga keltiradi. Buning uchun Odil sudlov akademiyasi sud tizimida zamonaviy fikrlaydigan, halol va yuksak salohiyatli yangi avlod sudyalar korpusini shakllantirishga qaratilgan faoliyatini sifat jihatdan yangi bosqichga ko‘tarish bo‘yicha tizimli chora-tadbirlar belgilashi shart. Akademiya tinglovchilariga sudning barcha yo‘nalishi — fuqarolik, jinoyat, ma’muriy yoki iqtisodiy ishlarni ko‘rishda haqiqiy holatni aniqlashi va amaldagi qonunlar asosida huquqiy baho berishi, o‘z qarorining nafaqat qonuniy va asoslantirilganligiga, balki adolatliligiga ham e’tiborli bo‘lishi zarur. Ana shundagina, jamoatchilikning sud organlariga nisbatan ishonchi ortib, jamiyatda sud chinakam adolat qo‘rg‘oniga aylanadi. Umuman, mazkur Farmon va unda belgilangan vazifalar akademiyada o‘tkaziladigan o‘quv jarayonlarini yangi jamiyat qo‘yayotgan yuksak talablar — zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalari va sun’iy intellekt imkoniyatlaridan amaliyotda foydalanish ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirish, sud faoliyatini ilmiy-uslubiy jihatdan to‘la ta’minlash, fundamental, amaliy va innovatsion tadqiqotlar o‘tkazishning huquqiy asoslarini mustahkamlaydi. Pirovard natijada sudyalarni tayyorlash va ularning malakasini oshirish darajasi yangi bosqichga olib chiqilib, milliy sud tizimini xalqaro standartlarga yaqinlashtirish, malakali va ma’naviy yetuk sudyalar korpusining shakllanishida muhim amaliy ahamiyat kasb etadi.   Sherzod Abduqodirov, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Odil sudlov akademiyasi rektori, yuridik fanlari doktori(Manba: "Xalq so‘zi" gazetasi, 2025 yil 8 dekabr.)